pygmt.Figure.plot

Figure.plot(x=None, y=None, data=None, size=None, direction=None, *, straight_line=None, frame=None, cmap=None, offset=None, error_bar=None, connection=None, color=None, intensity=None, projection=None, close=None, no_clip=None, region=None, style=None, timestamp=None, verbose=None, pen=None, xshift=None, yshift=None, zvalue=None, aspatial=None, binary=None, panel=None, nodata=None, find=None, coltypes=None, gap=None, header=None, incols=None, label=None, perspective=None, transparency=None, wrap=None, **kwargs)

Plot lines, polygons, and symbols in 2-D.

Takes a matrix, (x,y) pairs, or a file name as input and plots lines, polygons, or symbols at those locations on a map.

Must provide either data or x/y.

If providing data through x/y, color can be a 1d array that will be mapped to a colormap.

If a symbol is selected and no symbol size given, then plot will interpret the third column of the input data as symbol size. Symbols whose size is <= 0 are skipped. If no symbols are specified then the symbol code (see style below) must be present as last column in the input. If style is not used, a line connecting the data points will be drawn instead. To explicitly close polygons, use close. Select a fill with color. If color is set, pen will control whether the polygon outline is drawn or not. If a symbol is selected, color and pen determines the fill and outline/no outline, respectively.

Full parameter list at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/plot.html

Aliases:

  • A = straight_line

  • B = frame

  • C = cmap

  • D = offset

  • E = error_bar

  • F = connection

  • G = color

  • I = intensity

  • J = projection

  • L = close

  • N = no_clip

  • R = region

  • S = style

  • U = timestamp

  • V = verbose

  • W = pen

  • X = xshift

  • Y = yshift

  • Z = zvalue

  • a = aspatial

  • b = binary

  • c = panel

  • d = nodata

  • e = find

  • f = coltypes

  • g = gap

  • h = header

  • i = incols

  • l = label

  • p = perspective

  • t = transparency

  • w = wrap

Parameters
  • x/y (float or 1d arrays) – The x and y coordinates, or arrays of x and y coordinates of the data points

  • data (str or numpy.ndarray or pandas.DataFrame or xarray.Dataset or geopandas.GeoDataFrame) – Pass in either a file name to an ASCII data table, a 2D numpy.ndarray, a pandas.DataFrame, an xarray.Dataset made up of 1D xarray.DataArray data variables, or a geopandas.GeoDataFrame containing the tabular data. Use parameter incols to choose which columns are x, y, color, and size, respectively.

  • size (1d array) – The size of the data points in units specified using style. Only valid if using x/y.

  • direction (list of two 1d arrays) – If plotting vectors (using style='V' or style='v'), then should be a list of two 1d arrays with the vector directions. These can be angle and length, azimuth and length, or x and y components, depending on the style options chosen.

  • projection (str) – Required if this is the first plot command. projcode[projparams/]width. Select map projection.

  • region (str or list) – Required if this is the first plot command. xmin/xmax/ymin/ymax[+r][+uunit]. Specify the region of interest.

  • straight_line (bool or str) – [m|p|x|y]. By default, geographic line segments are drawn as great circle arcs. To draw them as straight lines, use straight_line. Alternatively, add m to draw the line by first following a meridian, then a parallel. Or append p to start following a parallel, then a meridian. (This can be practical to draw a line along parallels, for example). For Cartesian data, points are simply connected, unless you append x or y to draw stair-case curves that whose first move is along x or y, respectively.

  • frame (bool or str or list) – Set map boundary frame and axes attributes.

  • cmap (str) – File name of a CPT file or a series of comma-separated colors (e.g., color1,color2,color3) to build a linear continuous CPT from those colors automatically.

  • offset (str) – dx/dy. Offset the plot symbol or line locations by the given amounts dx/dy [Default is no offset]. If dy is not given it is set equal to dx.

  • error_bar (bool or str) – [+b|d|D][+xl|r|x0][+yl|r|y0][+ppen]. Draw symmetrical error bars. Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/plot.html#e.

  • connection (str) –

    [c|n|r][a|f|s|r|refpoint]. Alter the way points are connected (by specifying a scheme) and data are grouped (by specifying a method). Append one of three line connection schemes:

    • c : Draw continuous line segments for each group [Default].

    • r : Draw line segments from a reference point reset for each group.

    • n : Draw networks of line segments between all points in each group.

    Optionally, append the one of four segmentation methods to define the group:

    • a : Ignore all segment headers, i.e., let all points belong to a single group, and set group reference point to the very first point of the first file.

    • f : Consider all data in each file to be a single separate group and reset the group reference point to the first point of each group.

    • s : Segment headers are honored so each segment is a group; the group reference point is reset to the first point of each incoming segment [Default].

    • r : Same as s, but the group reference point is reset after each record to the previous point (this method is only available with the connection='r' scheme).

    Instead of the codes a|f|s|r you may append the coordinates of a refpoint which will serve as a fixed external reference point for all groups.

  • color (str or 1d array) – Select color or pattern for filling of symbols or polygons. Default is no fill. color can be a 1d array, but it is only valid if using x/y and cmap=True is also required.

  • intensity (float or bool or 1d array) – Provide an intensity value (nominally in the -1 to +1 range) to modulate the fill color by simulating illumination. If using intensity=True, we will instead read intensity from the first data column after the symbol parameters (if given). intensity can also be a 1d array to set varying intensity for symbols, but it is only valid for x/y pairs.

  • close (str) – [+b|d|D][+xl|r|x0][+yl|r|y0][+ppen]. Force closed polygons. Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/plot.html#l.

  • no_clip (bool or str) – [c|r]. Do NOT clip symbols that fall outside map border [Default plots points whose coordinates are strictly inside the map border only]. The parameter does not apply to lines and polygons which are always clipped to the map region. For periodic (360-longitude) maps we must plot all symbols twice in case they are clipped by the repeating boundary. no_clip=True will turn off clipping and not plot repeating symbols. Use no_clip="r" to turn off clipping but retain the plotting of such repeating symbols, or use no_clip="c" to retain clipping but turn off plotting of repeating symbols.

  • style (str) – Plot symbols (including vectors, pie slices, fronts, decorated or quoted lines).

  • pen (str) – Set pen attributes for lines or the outline of symbols.

  • timestamp (bool or str) – Draw GMT time stamp logo on plot.

  • verbose (bool or str) –

    Select verbosity level [Default is w], which modulates the messages written to stderr. Choose among 7 levels of verbosity:

    • q - Quiet, not even fatal error messages are produced

    • e - Error messages only

    • w - Warnings [Default]

    • t - Timings (report runtimes for time-intensive algorithms);

    • i - Informational messages (same as verbose=True)

    • c - Compatibility warnings

    • d - Debugging messages

  • xshift (str) – [a|c|f|r][xshift]. Shift plot origin in x-direction.

  • yshift (str) – [a|c|f|r][yshift]. Shift plot origin in y-direction. Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/gmt.html#xy-full.

  • zvalue (str) – value|file. Instead of specifying a symbol or polygon fill and outline color via color and pen, give both a value via zvalue and a color lookup table via cmap. Alternatively, give the name of a file with one z-value (read from the last column) for each polygon in the input data. To apply it to the fill color, use color='+z'. To apply it to the pen color, append +z to pen.

  • aspatial (bool or str) – [col=]name[,…]. Control how aspatial data are handled during input and output. Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/gmt.html#aspatial-full.

  • binary (bool or str) –

    i|o[ncols][type][w][+l|b]. Select native binary input (using binary="i") or output (using binary="o"), where ncols is the number of data columns of type, which must be one of:

    • c - int8_t (1-byte signed char)

    • u - uint8_t (1-byte unsigned char)

    • h - int16_t (2-byte signed int)

    • H - uint16_t (2-byte unsigned int)

    • i - int32_t (4-byte signed int)

    • I - uint32_t (4-byte unsigned int)

    • l - int64_t (8-byte signed int)

    • L - uint64_t (8-byte unsigned int)

    • f - 4-byte single-precision float

    • d - 8-byte double-precision float

    • x - use to skip ncols anywhere in the record

    For records with mixed types, append additional comma-separated combinations of ncols type (no space). The following modifiers are supported:

    • w after any item to force byte-swapping.

    • +l|b to indicate that the entire data file should be read as little- or big-endian, respectively.

    Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/gmt.html#bi-full.

  • panel (bool or int or list) – [row,col|index]. Select a specific subplot panel. Only allowed when in subplot mode. Use panel=True to advance to the next panel in the selected order. Instead of row,col you may also give a scalar value index which depends on the order you set via autolabel when the subplot was defined. Note: row, col, and index all start at 0.

  • nodata (str) – i|onodata. Substitute specific values with NaN (for tabular data). For example, d="-9999" will replace all values equal to -9999 with NaN during input and all NaN values with -9999 during output. Prepend i to the nodata value for input columns only. Prepend o to the nodata value for output columns only.

  • find (str) – [~]“pattern” | [~]/regexp/[i]. Only pass records that match the given pattern or regular expressions [Default processes all records]. Prepend ~ to the pattern or regexp to instead only pass data expressions that do not match the pattern. Append i for case insensitive matching. This does not apply to headers or segment headers.

  • coltypes (str) – [i|o]colinfo. Specify data types of input and/or output columns (time or geographical data). Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/gmt.html#f-full.

  • gap (str or list) –

    [a]x|y|d|X|Y|D|[col]zgap[+n|p]. Examine the spacing between consecutive data points in order to impose breaks in the line. To specify multiple critera, provide a list with each item containing a string describing one set of critera. Prepend a to specify that all the criteria must be met [Default is to impose breaks if any criteria are met]. The following modifiers are supported:

    • x|X - define a gap when there is a large enough change in the x coordinates (upper case to use projected coordinates).

    • y|Y - define a gap when there is a large enough change in the y coordinates (upper case to use projected coordinates).

    • d|D - define a gap when there is a large enough distance between coordinates (upper case to use projected coordinates).

    • [col]z - define a gap when there is a large enough change in the data in column col [default col is 2 (i.e., 3rd column)].

    A unit u may be appended to the specified gap:

    • For geographic data (x|y|d), the unit may be arc d(egree), m(inute), and s(econd), or (m)e(ter), f(eet), k(ilometer), M(iles), or n(autical miles) [Default is (m)e(ter)].

    • For projected data (X|Y|D), the unit may be i(nch), c(entimeter), or p(oint).

    One of the following modifiers can be appended to gap [Default imposes breaks based on the absolute value of the difference between the current and previous value]:

    • +n - specify that the previous value minus the current column value must exceed gap for a break to be imposed.

    • +p - specify that the current value minus the previous value must exceed gap for a break to be imposed.

  • header (str) –

    [i|o][n][+c][+d][+msegheader][+rremark][+ttitle]. Specify that input and/or output file(s) have n header records [Default is 0]. Prepend i if only the primary input should have header records. Prepend o to control the writing of header records, with the following modifiers supported:

    • +d to remove existing header records.

    • +c to add a header comment with column names to the output [Default is no column names].

    • +m to add a segment header segheader to the output after the header block [Default is no segment header].

    • +r to add a remark comment to the output [Default is no comment]. The remark string may contain \n to indicate line-breaks.

    • +t to add a title comment to the output [Default is no title]. The title string may contain \n to indicate line-breaks.

    Blank lines and lines starting with # are always skipped.

  • incols (str or 1d array) –

    Specify data columns for primary input in arbitrary order. Columns can be repeated and columns not listed will be skipped [Default reads all columns in order, starting with the first (i.e., column 0)].

    • For 1d array: specify individual columns in input order (e.g., incols=[1,0] for the 2nd column followed by the 1st column).

    • For str: specify individual columns or column ranges in the format start[:inc]:stop, where inc defaults to 1 if not specified, with columns and/or column ranges separated by commas (e.g., incols="0:2,4+l" to input the first three columns followed by the log-transformed 5th column). To read from a given column until the end of the record, leave off stop when specifying the column range. To read trailing text, add the column t. Append the word number to t to ingest only a single word from the trailing text. Instead of specifying columns, use incols="n" to simply read numerical input and skip trailing text. Optionally, append one of the following modifiers to any column or column range to transform the input columns:

      • +l to take the log10 of the input values.

      • +d to divide the input values by the factor divisor [Default is 1].

      • +s to multiple the input values by the factor scale [Default is 1].

      • +o to add the given offset to the input values [Default is 0].

  • label (str) – Add a legend entry for the symbol or line being plotted. Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/gmt.html#l-full.

  • perspective (list or str) – [x|y|z]azim[/elev[/zlevel]][+wlon0/lat0[/z0]][+vx0/y0]. Select perspective view and set the azimuth and elevation angle of the viewpoint. Default is [180, 90]. Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/gmt.html#perspective-full.

  • transparency (int or float) – Set transparency level, in [0-100] percent range. Default is 0, i.e., opaque. Only visible when PDF or raster format output is selected. Only the PNG format selection adds a transparency layer in the image (for further processing). transparency can also be a 1d array to set varying transparency for symbols, but this option is only valid if using x/y.

  • wrap (str) –

    y|a|w|d|h|m|s|cperiod[/phase][+ccol]. Convert the input x-coordinate to a cyclical coordinate, or a different column if selected via +ccol. The following cyclical coordinate transformations are supported:

    • y - yearly cycle (normalized)

    • a - annual cycle (monthly)

    • w - weekly cycle (day)

    • d - daily cycle (hour)

    • h - hourly cycle (minute)

    • m - minute cycle (second)

    • s - second cycle (second)

    • c - custom cycle (normalized)

    Full documentation is at https://docs.generic-mapping-tools.org/latest/gmt.html#w-full.

Examples using pygmt.Figure.plot